Gemini XPSおよびEMマイクロプレートリーダー

cAMP Assays (GPCR)

Monitoring levels of cAMP, a second messenger produced in response to activation of adenylate cyclase, is one of the most common ways to screen for agonists and antagonists of Gi/Gs protein-coupled receptors. cAMP levels can be monitored using fluorescent molecules that bind to cAMP and are detected using a fluorescence plate reader. Here are a few application notes on cAMP assays (GPCR) you may find of interest:

• ・Complete cAMP workflow solution using the CatchPoint cAMP Fluorescent Assay Kit
• ・HTRF cAMP HiRange Assay on SpectraMax Multi-Mode Microplate Readers

Caspase-3 Apoptosis Assays

Apoptosis is a highly regulated cellular program that causes cell death in normal processes such as embryonic development, as well as diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative conditions. Assays for apoptosis can be performed using a variety of imaging or microplate reader detection systems and provide valuable information on normal and disease-related mechanisms of cell death. Learn about a Caspase-3 single-step, homogenous assay that is specifically designed for microplate readers:

・EarlyTox Caspase-3/7 R110 Assay Kit on SpectraMax Fluorescence Microplate Readers

Cell Proliferation Assays

Quantitation of cell proliferation using fluorescence allows one to easily monitor the effects of drugs and other experimental treatments on cell growth. This application note describes two assay methods of a cell prolfieration. In the first, cellular proliferation is quantitated using a cell-based standard curve. In the second, cellular proliferation is quantitated using RNase-treated cell samples and a DNA standard curve.

・Measuring cell proliferation using the CyQUANT Cell Proliferation Assay with SpectraMax Microplate Readers

Cytotoxicity Assays

Development of predictive in vitro assays suitable for safety and efficacy testing is of high interest for improving the drug development process and reducing drug attrition. There has been great interest in using stem cells as tools for screening compounds during early drug development. In this scientific poster, we present results obtained from one of our multi-mode plate readers for performing toxicity assessment of various compounds using stem cell-derived cell models in a high throughput manner:

・High Throughput Cell Based Assays for Toxicity Assessment using SpectraMax® Paradigm Plate Reader

EarlyTox Cell Viability Assay Kits

Cell viability assays are critical to a broad spectrum of research areas ranging from investigation into the mechanisms of cell death to the development of new therapeutics targeting apoptosis in diseases. One of the most popular detection technologies for cell viability is a fluorescence microplate reader. Here are a few applications you may find of interest:

・Measuring cell health on the SpectraMax iD3 reader with cell viability assays

・EarlyTox Live/Dead Assay Kit on SpectraMax Fluorescence Microplate Readers

・EarlyTox Caspase-3/7 R110 Assay Kit on SpectraMax Fluorescence Microplate Readers

・EarlyTox Glutathione Assay Kit on SpectraMax Fluorescence Microplate Readers

ELISA

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are used to measure the amount of a specific protein, using a microplate format, and results are most often detected via absorbance in the visible wavelength range. Chemiluminescent and fluorescent ELISA formats offer enhanced sensitivity for accurate quantitation of less abundant analytes.

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Fluorescence

Learn all about fluorescence detection – what it is, how it works, and the instruments used to measure the fluorescence of a sample. We also cover many fluorescence-based assays including cell viability, GPCR activity, and fluorescent nucleic acid quantification.

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Fluorescent Protein Detection

Fluorescent proteins have become enormously popular as tools for monitoring biological events in vivo. In addition to green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria, there are now numerous others available from other species of jellyfish and reef coral. These proteins can be expressed in a diverse range of cells and organisms, where they are used to track many cellular processes, including protein synthesis and translocation, gene induction, and cell lineage.

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Fluorescent Protein Quantitation

Proteins inside eukaryotic cells exist in a dynamic state, in a highly-regulated balance between synthesis and degradation. Whereas protein synthesis is well-understood after decades of study, major advances in our knowledge of protein degradation have occurred only in the last two decades. Learn more about fluorescent protein in our application note:

・Measurement of Proteosome Inhibition in Live Cells on the Analyst® GT, FLEXstation® and Gemini EM Microplate Readers Using the BD Biosciences Proteasome Sensor

・Using the NanoOrange Protein Kit with SpectraMax Microplate Readers

Nucleic Acid Quantitation

Quantitation of DNA is a critical step in molecular biology requiring accuracy, reliability, and the use of increasingly smaller sample volumes for applications such as next-generation sequencing. Compared to spectrophotometric DNA quantification, the fluorometric method provides key advantages such as significantly increased sensitivity, high selectivity for double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) over single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or RNA, and improved contaminant tolerance (protein and carbohydrate molecules). Here are a few applications notes on nucleic acid quantitation you may find of interest:

・Quantitation of dsDNA samples using the SpectraMax Quant dsDNA Assay Kits

・Sensitive fluorescent quantitation of DNA with the Quant-iT PicoGreen dsDNA Assay Kit

Tryptophan detection

The intrinsic fluorescence of proteins is due to the aromatic amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. Tryptophan dominates the emission of proteins and is the most sensitive to solvent polarity and the local environment. Analysis of changes in tryptophan fluorescence can yield information on protein denaturation and conformation. In these application notes, we demonstrate performance of the SpectraMax® multi-mode microplate readers for assays measuring intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence.

・Measure intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence on the SpectraMax iD3 microplate reader

・Intrinsic tryptophan detection with the SpectraMax i3 Multi-Mode Microplate Platform